Simlipal

Simlipal National Park is part of the UNESCO-recognized biosphere reserve network and is among India’s largest and most ecologically significant tiger reserves. The name “Simlipal” originates from the abundance of red silk cotton trees (locally called Simul) that once dominated the forest landscape. These towering trees, along with dense sal forests, give the region its unique ecological identity and scenic charm. Historically, Simlipal served as a royal hunting ground for the Maharajas of Mayurbhanj during the pre-independence era. After India’s independence, conservation awareness increased, and the region was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1979. Interestingly, it was included under Project Tiger in 1973, strengthening its status as a protected tiger habitat. Over the decades, the reserve evolved into a model conservation zone in Eastern India, balancing wildlife protection with eco-tourism and tribal welfare. Geographically located in the northern part of Odisha, Simlipal lies within the Eastern Ghats and spreads across approximately 2,750 square kilometers. The terrain is a dramatic mix of rolling plateaus, forested hills, deep valleys, grasslands, and river systems. Several perennial rivers like Budhabalanga and Khairi originate from this region, sustaining both wildlife and nearby villages. The forest canopy changes colors seasonally, offering a mesmerizing landscape for visitors and photographers throughout the year. Simlipal is globally recognized for its biodiversity richness. It is home to the Royal Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, Indian leopard, sloth bear, gaur (Indian bison), sambar deer, chital, and wild boar. The park also shelters rare species such as the melanistic tiger (black tiger), which has drawn international wildlife attention. With more than 200 species of birds, including hornbills, peafowl, and jungle fowl, it is a paradise for bird watchers. Reptiles, amphibians, and medicinal plants further enhance its ecological importance. One of the biggest highlights of Simlipal is its breathtaking waterfalls. Barehipani Waterfall, standing at around 399 meters, is the second-highest waterfall in India and creates a spectacular two-tier cascade amidst lush forests. Joranda Waterfall, another magnificent attraction, plunges dramatically from a steep cliff, offering panoramic viewpoints for visitors. These waterfalls not only enhance the park’s scenic beauty but also serve as important water sources for the ecosystem. The park is also culturally significant due to the presence of indigenous tribal communities such as the Santhals, Ho, Mankidia, and Bhumija tribes.Today, Simlipal stands as one of Eastern India’s most important biodiversity hotspots and eco-tourism destinations.