Tanjore

Tanjore, or Thanjavur, is situated in the fertile Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, often referred to as the “Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu” due to its lush agricultural lands. The city’s strategic location on the banks of the Cauvery River made it an ideal center for trade, culture, and governance. It rose to prominence as the capital of the Chola dynasty (9th–13th century CE), one of the greatest dynasties in South Indian history. Under the Cholas, Tanjore became a hub for administration, temple-building, literature, and fine arts. The city was also a key center for the production of bronze sculptures, many of which are masterpieces of Indian art. The Brihadeeswarar Temple, also known as the Big Temple, remains Tanjore’s most iconic symbol. Built by Raja Raja Chola I in 1010 CE, this colossal granite structure reflects the zenith of Dravidian architecture. Its towering vimana (temple tower) rises over 60 meters, and its massive Nandi bull sculpture is carved from a single stone. The temple complex also features exquisitely detailed frescoes, murals, and inscriptions that chronicle Chola conquests and daily life. Pilgrims and tourists alike are drawn to its spiritual aura, architectural brilliance, and historical significance. Apart from the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Tanjore is home to several other significant religious and cultural landmarks. The Thanjavur Royal Palace complex houses the Saraswathi Mahal Library, one of the oldest libraries in Asia, containing thousands of rare manuscripts in Tamil, Sanskrit, and other languages. Temples such as Airavateswarar Temple in Darasuram and Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple nearby showcase similar Chola-era craftsmanship and continue to attract art enthusiasts and historians. Tanjore’s cultural contributions extend far beyond its temples. The city has been a cradle for Carnatic music, nurturing composers, musicians, and vocalists for centuries. Bharatanatyam, the classical South Indian dance form, has also thrived here, with many academies teaching students the traditional style passed down through generations. The region is particularly famous for Tanjore painting, characterized by vibrant colors, intricate detailing, and gold leaf work, depicting Hindu deities and mythological scenes. Even today, artisans continue to preserve this centuries-old art form, making it a must-see cultural experience for visitors. The Maratha period (16th–18th century) added another rich layer to Tanjore’s heritage. The Maratha rulers promoted literature, music, and festivals, leaving a lasting influence on local culture. Their contributions include enhancements to temple complexes, royal patronage for Carnatic music, and the commissioning of miniature paintings.